INJECTABLE ANTIBIOTICS:
Withdrawal information is intended for U.S. residents only
.
OXYTETRACYCLINE
Extra label in goats
TERRAMYCIN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LA-200® (Liquamycin LA-200) Not long acting when administered IV
Approved for use in lactating dairy cattle (7/9Cool
Bio-Mycin 200 ® [FOI] Not long acting when administered IV
Approved for use in lactating dairy cattle (2002)
Liquamycin 200® Not long acting when administered IV
Duramycin 72-200; Maxim-200; OT 200; Oxy-Tet 200; Agrimycin 200; OxyBiotic 200; OxyCure 200; Oxy-Mycin 200; Oxyshot; Oxy-Tet 200; Pennox 200 None are long acting when administered IV
All contain 200mg of oxytetracycline per mL
All are labeled for SC (SQ) injection.
BACTERIOSTATIC
Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis
Tylan 200 is NOT the same medication
NOTE: LA formulations have a viscosity excipient intended to prolong therapeutic serum antibiotic concentrations. These products are believed to differ from other oxytetracycline injection products only in the rate of absorption from intramuscular injection. Some studies using oxytetracycline products with 2-pyrrolidone viscosity excipient have failed to show that the duration of action is significantly prolonged over that of the conventional formulation after intramuscular injection, when they are administered at the same dose. Product viscosity excipients: Biomycin 200 and Oxy-Tet 200 contain polyethylene glycol. Duramycin 72-200, Liquamycin LA-200, Maxim-200; and Pennox 200 contain 2-pyrrolidone. Oxyshot contains N-methylpyrrolidone.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tetracyclines are widely distributed to the heart, kidney, lungs, muscle, pleural fluid, bronchial secretions, sputum, bile, saliva, synovial (joint) fluid, and ocular fluids.
DOSE #1 : 4.5ml per 100 lbs. (9mg/lb) SC (SQ) every 36-48 hours; mfg. label states a dose schedule of 72 hours but blood levels are very low after 48 hrs. Not long acting when administered IV .
DOSE #2 : C an also be dosed at 3ml per 100 lbs. (6 mg/lb) once daily.
Effective blood levels are achieved in 2-4 hours. The serum concentration peak occurs in plasma by 4 hours
CAUTION : Rapid IV administration of tetracyclines can result in cardiovascular dysfunction and collapse. Administer IV slowly over 2 to 3 minutes, and/or dilute in fluids ( water for injection or physiological saline is recommended - dilute at 5ml diluent per 1ml medication (discard any unused solution).
NOTE : Products that contain povidone are labeled for intramuscular use only. Products without povidone (generally contain propylene glycol) are labeled for intramuscular or intravenous use.
CAUTION : In neonates that have not yet developed full renal function, excretion may occur more slowly than in a mature animal.
CAUTION : Danger of nephrotoxicosis (kidney toxicity) with high doses or use of outdated tetracyclines
STORAGE/EXPIRATION : As they age, tetracyclines tend to be degraded and become toxic particularly to the kidneys.
WITHDRAWAL:
LA-200 Approved for use in lactating dairy cattle (7/9Cool
Bio-Mycin 200 Approved for use in lactating dairy cattle (2002).
MILK : Extra label in goats . Goats: 6 days given SQ at 9mg/lb every 48 hours ( SOURCE- 10-12, 2000 Wool & Wattles, AASRP).
Cattle - Given IM, IV or SC (SQ): Recommendations have been published by FARAD regarding the extralabel use of tetracyclines in small ruminants. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that sheep and goats eliminate oxytet faster then cattle following IV and IM use, cattle withdrawal times should be adequate. Recommended milk witholding time is 96 hours following the last treatment. Following prolonged or high dose treatment with oxytetracycline a milk discard time of 144 hours (6 days) is recommended. 144 hours (6 days) is the recommended withdrawal for oxytetracycline infused directly into the udder (426 mg on three occasions 24 hours apart).
MEAT : Extra label in goats . Goats: 28 days given SQ at 9mg/lb SC every 48 hours ( SOURCE- 10-12, 2000 Wool & Wattles, AASRP). Cattle - Given IM, IV or SC (SQ): 28 day withdrawal.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2002 Feb;25(1):25-32 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Serum pharmacokinetics and tissue and milk residues of oxytetracycline in goats following a single intramuscular injection of a long-acting preparation and milk residues following a single subcutaneous injection.
Payne MA, Babish JG, Bulgin M, Lane M, Wetzlich S, Craigmill AL.
Environmental Toxicology Extension, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8588, USA. [email protected]
Separate groups of goats were used to determine drug depletion patterns in serum (n=10), tissue (n=20) and milk (n=Cool following a single intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 20 mg/kg of a long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) formulation (Liquamycin LA-200). Milk residues were also determined following a subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of the same product at the same dose. Serum samples were taken for 24 h post-treatment and tissues (fat, liver, kidney, muscle and injection site) collected at 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days following injection. Milk from lactating goats was collected every 12 h for 8 days following both the i.m. and s.c. treatments utilizing an intervening 5-week washout period. Residues in serum and tissue were measured using a microbial inhibition assay, while milk residues were measured using both a microbial inhibition assay and a validated HPLC method. The serum pharmacokinetic parameters of OTC in goats were determined, with a mean AUC=67.4 microg h/mL, mean terminal half-life=14.4 h, and apparent clearance=0.33 L/kg h. Tissue half-lives could not be determined with confidence because the collection times provided only two points at which residues could be measured for most tissues. Oxytetracycline residues in all goat tissue samples measured less then cattle tissue tolerance by 96 h postdosing. One-compartment model describing milk depletion data for i.m. and s.c. dosing had terminal slope half-lives of 20.1 and 36.1 h, respectively. By 96 h post-treatment none of the milk samples contained OTC residues in excess of the cattle milk tolerance (0.3 p.p.m.). For both milk and tissue, the upper-bound 99% confidence intervals for the samples taken from goats 96 h postdosing were lower than approved cow milk and tissue tolerances.
PMID: 11874523 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Serum pharmacokinetics and tissue and milk residues of oxytetracycline in goats following a single intramuscular injection of a long-acting preparation and milk residues following a single subcutaneous injection.
Oxytetracycline is a broad spectrum, effective against a variety of bacteria both gram positive and gram negative, and infections caused by rickettsiae, some mycoplasmas, and chlamydia.
There is increasing resistance to oxytetracycline by many staph ( an opportunistic gram-positive bacteria) and strep organisms (44% of strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 74 percent of Streptococcus faecalis have been found to be resistant to tetracycline). Most strains of E.coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter & Pseudomonas aeruginosa are also resistant to oxytetracycline.
Often combined with sulfas (e.g., [Albon] sulfadimethoxine) with which they are synergistic.
A good therapy for metritis (uterine infection) following freshening, navel or joint ill in young kids (always treat joint/naval ill for a full 10 days), and is the preferred medication for the most the common causes of contagious keratoconjunctivitis ("pinkeye") in goats, mycoplasma & chlamydia. Moraxella bovis in the most common cause of "pinkeye" in cattle.
LA-200 injections can be painful, Oxy-Tet 200 & Bio-Mycin 200 use a different "carrier" that is not painful or as irritating to tissues when given SC (SQ) and rubbed in well.
In addition to injecting it, oxytetracycline can also be combined with sterile saline solution (5ml LA-200, Oxy-Tet, or Bio-Mycin 200 15ml sterile water ) and infused directly into the uterus.
Also, effective against most mastitis causing bacteria via systemic injection.
For susceptible bacteria a drop of oxytetracycline directly in the eye is very effective.
CAUTIONS: In young animals high doses or chronic administration may delay bone growth and healing. It should be avoided during early pregnancy if possible.
CAUTIONS: Can cause photosensitivity (sensitivity to the sun).
INTERACTIONS: "Natural medicine" (herbs) and oxytetracycline :There have been reports of goldenseal, barberry, and grape seed extract, reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics, specifically tetracycline and tetracycline-derivatives. oxytetracycline/tetracyclines references
Misc references for use of oxytetracycline in goats
"OXYTETRACYCLINE TO RELAX THE FLEXOR STRUCTURES" by KANEPS, ANDRIS, DVM, PHD, DIP ACVS & B.SMITH, DVM Oxytetracycline (3 gm in 250-500 ml of sterile saline administered slowly, IV) has been used to relax the flexor structures in foals. The mechanism of action is unknown but is believed to be due to chelation of calcium within muscle making less calcium available for muscle contraction and resulting in passive elongation of limb muscles. This treatment is most commonly used for congenital flexural deformities and may be repeated every 24 hours for up to 3 doses. Because there have been reports of renal toxicity with this treatment, determination of renal function and verification of hydration status are recommended before and after treatment.
If active chlamydial infection is thought to be present in a flock of pregnant ewes then treatment with long-acting oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg) is an option which will reduce the severity of infection. For best effect it should be given as soon after 95-100 days gestation as possible, when any potential cases of placental infection will have commenced. A second injection 2 weeks later will further reduce losses. However, some ewes will still abort and many may excrete infection at lambing time.
David Baxton and David Henderson British VMA In Practice, July/August 1999
top
Withdrawal information is intended for U.S. residents only
.
OXYTETRACYCLINE
Extra label in goats
TERRAMYCIN
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
LA-200® (Liquamycin LA-200) Not long acting when administered IV
Approved for use in lactating dairy cattle (7/9Cool
Bio-Mycin 200 ® [FOI] Not long acting when administered IV
Approved for use in lactating dairy cattle (2002)
Liquamycin 200® Not long acting when administered IV
Duramycin 72-200; Maxim-200; OT 200; Oxy-Tet 200; Agrimycin 200; OxyBiotic 200; OxyCure 200; Oxy-Mycin 200; Oxyshot; Oxy-Tet 200; Pennox 200 None are long acting when administered IV
All contain 200mg of oxytetracycline per mL
All are labeled for SC (SQ) injection.
BACTERIOSTATIC
Interferes with bacterial protein synthesis
Tylan 200 is NOT the same medication
NOTE: LA formulations have a viscosity excipient intended to prolong therapeutic serum antibiotic concentrations. These products are believed to differ from other oxytetracycline injection products only in the rate of absorption from intramuscular injection. Some studies using oxytetracycline products with 2-pyrrolidone viscosity excipient have failed to show that the duration of action is significantly prolonged over that of the conventional formulation after intramuscular injection, when they are administered at the same dose. Product viscosity excipients: Biomycin 200 and Oxy-Tet 200 contain polyethylene glycol. Duramycin 72-200, Liquamycin LA-200, Maxim-200; and Pennox 200 contain 2-pyrrolidone. Oxyshot contains N-methylpyrrolidone.
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Tetracyclines are widely distributed to the heart, kidney, lungs, muscle, pleural fluid, bronchial secretions, sputum, bile, saliva, synovial (joint) fluid, and ocular fluids.
DOSE #1 : 4.5ml per 100 lbs. (9mg/lb) SC (SQ) every 36-48 hours; mfg. label states a dose schedule of 72 hours but blood levels are very low after 48 hrs. Not long acting when administered IV .
DOSE #2 : C an also be dosed at 3ml per 100 lbs. (6 mg/lb) once daily.
Effective blood levels are achieved in 2-4 hours. The serum concentration peak occurs in plasma by 4 hours
CAUTION : Rapid IV administration of tetracyclines can result in cardiovascular dysfunction and collapse. Administer IV slowly over 2 to 3 minutes, and/or dilute in fluids ( water for injection or physiological saline is recommended - dilute at 5ml diluent per 1ml medication (discard any unused solution).
NOTE : Products that contain povidone are labeled for intramuscular use only. Products without povidone (generally contain propylene glycol) are labeled for intramuscular or intravenous use.
CAUTION : In neonates that have not yet developed full renal function, excretion may occur more slowly than in a mature animal.
CAUTION : Danger of nephrotoxicosis (kidney toxicity) with high doses or use of outdated tetracyclines
STORAGE/EXPIRATION : As they age, tetracyclines tend to be degraded and become toxic particularly to the kidneys.
WITHDRAWAL:
LA-200 Approved for use in lactating dairy cattle (7/9Cool
Bio-Mycin 200 Approved for use in lactating dairy cattle (2002).
MILK : Extra label in goats . Goats: 6 days given SQ at 9mg/lb every 48 hours ( SOURCE- 10-12, 2000 Wool & Wattles, AASRP).
Cattle - Given IM, IV or SC (SQ): Recommendations have been published by FARAD regarding the extralabel use of tetracyclines in small ruminants. Pharmacokinetic studies indicate that sheep and goats eliminate oxytet faster then cattle following IV and IM use, cattle withdrawal times should be adequate. Recommended milk witholding time is 96 hours following the last treatment. Following prolonged or high dose treatment with oxytetracycline a milk discard time of 144 hours (6 days) is recommended. 144 hours (6 days) is the recommended withdrawal for oxytetracycline infused directly into the udder (426 mg on three occasions 24 hours apart).
MEAT : Extra label in goats . Goats: 28 days given SQ at 9mg/lb SC every 48 hours ( SOURCE- 10-12, 2000 Wool & Wattles, AASRP). Cattle - Given IM, IV or SC (SQ): 28 day withdrawal.
J Vet Pharmacol Ther 2002 Feb;25(1):25-32 Related Articles, Books, LinkOut
Serum pharmacokinetics and tissue and milk residues of oxytetracycline in goats following a single intramuscular injection of a long-acting preparation and milk residues following a single subcutaneous injection.
Payne MA, Babish JG, Bulgin M, Lane M, Wetzlich S, Craigmill AL.
Environmental Toxicology Extension, University of California, Davis, CA 95616-8588, USA. [email protected]
Separate groups of goats were used to determine drug depletion patterns in serum (n=10), tissue (n=20) and milk (n=Cool following a single intramuscular (i.m.) dose of 20 mg/kg of a long-acting oxytetracycline (OTC) formulation (Liquamycin LA-200). Milk residues were also determined following a subcutaneous (s.c.) administration of the same product at the same dose. Serum samples were taken for 24 h post-treatment and tissues (fat, liver, kidney, muscle and injection site) collected at 4, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days following injection. Milk from lactating goats was collected every 12 h for 8 days following both the i.m. and s.c. treatments utilizing an intervening 5-week washout period. Residues in serum and tissue were measured using a microbial inhibition assay, while milk residues were measured using both a microbial inhibition assay and a validated HPLC method. The serum pharmacokinetic parameters of OTC in goats were determined, with a mean AUC=67.4 microg h/mL, mean terminal half-life=14.4 h, and apparent clearance=0.33 L/kg h. Tissue half-lives could not be determined with confidence because the collection times provided only two points at which residues could be measured for most tissues. Oxytetracycline residues in all goat tissue samples measured less then cattle tissue tolerance by 96 h postdosing. One-compartment model describing milk depletion data for i.m. and s.c. dosing had terminal slope half-lives of 20.1 and 36.1 h, respectively. By 96 h post-treatment none of the milk samples contained OTC residues in excess of the cattle milk tolerance (0.3 p.p.m.). For both milk and tissue, the upper-bound 99% confidence intervals for the samples taken from goats 96 h postdosing were lower than approved cow milk and tissue tolerances.
PMID: 11874523 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
Serum pharmacokinetics and tissue and milk residues of oxytetracycline in goats following a single intramuscular injection of a long-acting preparation and milk residues following a single subcutaneous injection.
Oxytetracycline is a broad spectrum, effective against a variety of bacteria both gram positive and gram negative, and infections caused by rickettsiae, some mycoplasmas, and chlamydia.
There is increasing resistance to oxytetracycline by many staph ( an opportunistic gram-positive bacteria) and strep organisms (44% of strains of Streptococcus pyogenes and 74 percent of Streptococcus faecalis have been found to be resistant to tetracycline). Most strains of E.coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter & Pseudomonas aeruginosa are also resistant to oxytetracycline.
Often combined with sulfas (e.g., [Albon] sulfadimethoxine) with which they are synergistic.
A good therapy for metritis (uterine infection) following freshening, navel or joint ill in young kids (always treat joint/naval ill for a full 10 days), and is the preferred medication for the most the common causes of contagious keratoconjunctivitis ("pinkeye") in goats, mycoplasma & chlamydia. Moraxella bovis in the most common cause of "pinkeye" in cattle.
LA-200 injections can be painful, Oxy-Tet 200 & Bio-Mycin 200 use a different "carrier" that is not painful or as irritating to tissues when given SC (SQ) and rubbed in well.
In addition to injecting it, oxytetracycline can also be combined with sterile saline solution (5ml LA-200, Oxy-Tet, or Bio-Mycin 200 15ml sterile water ) and infused directly into the uterus.
Also, effective against most mastitis causing bacteria via systemic injection.
For susceptible bacteria a drop of oxytetracycline directly in the eye is very effective.
CAUTIONS: In young animals high doses or chronic administration may delay bone growth and healing. It should be avoided during early pregnancy if possible.
CAUTIONS: Can cause photosensitivity (sensitivity to the sun).
INTERACTIONS: "Natural medicine" (herbs) and oxytetracycline :There have been reports of goldenseal, barberry, and grape seed extract, reducing the effectiveness of antibiotics, specifically tetracycline and tetracycline-derivatives. oxytetracycline/tetracyclines references
Misc references for use of oxytetracycline in goats
"OXYTETRACYCLINE TO RELAX THE FLEXOR STRUCTURES" by KANEPS, ANDRIS, DVM, PHD, DIP ACVS & B.SMITH, DVM Oxytetracycline (3 gm in 250-500 ml of sterile saline administered slowly, IV) has been used to relax the flexor structures in foals. The mechanism of action is unknown but is believed to be due to chelation of calcium within muscle making less calcium available for muscle contraction and resulting in passive elongation of limb muscles. This treatment is most commonly used for congenital flexural deformities and may be repeated every 24 hours for up to 3 doses. Because there have been reports of renal toxicity with this treatment, determination of renal function and verification of hydration status are recommended before and after treatment.
If active chlamydial infection is thought to be present in a flock of pregnant ewes then treatment with long-acting oxytetracycline (20 mg/kg) is an option which will reduce the severity of infection. For best effect it should be given as soon after 95-100 days gestation as possible, when any potential cases of placental infection will have commenced. A second injection 2 weeks later will further reduce losses. However, some ewes will still abort and many may excrete infection at lambing time.
David Baxton and David Henderson British VMA In Practice, July/August 1999
top
enicillin G is distributed into milk; in food animals the distribution is sufficient to cause violative residues. However, (label dose) the concentrations of penicillin produced in milk are subtherapeutic for most bacteria. In sheep, 0.11% of an intramuscular injection of sodium penicillin G was distributed into the milk. 
